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Driving nanomaterials with a THz free-electron laser
Manfred Helm1,2
1Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01328 Dresden, Germany
2TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
Long-wavelength free-electrons lasers are unique sources of intense, narrowband THz radiation [1]. I will discuss here time-resolved experiments, where intense THz radiation strongly drives and excites charge carriers in two different types of nanomaterials.
In the first experiment a single GaAs/InGaAs core-shell nanowire with a strained GaAs core [2] and a highly doped InGaAs shell is excited with 12-THz radiation near the tip of a Neaspec scattering scanning near-field microscope (s-SNOM). Subsequently the spectrally resolved mid-infrared response (20-60 THz) is probed using a difference-frequency mixing source. Resulting from this intraband pumping we observe a red shift of the nanowire plasma resonance [3] both in amplitude and phase spectra, which is ascribed to a heating of the electron distribution in the nonparabolic band and to electron transfer into the side valleys, resulting in an increase of the average effective mass.
In the second experiment we excite a single 2D layer of MoSe2 with THz radiation of photon energy in the vicinity of the trion binding energy (here 26 meV). A trion is an exciton that binds a second electron; it is known, even from the hydrogen atom, that its binding energy is roughly an order of magnitude smaller than the exciton binding energy. Subsequently the time-resolved photoluminescence is monitored to observe exciton and trion populations for different excitation photon energies. We clearly identify the resonant ionization of the trion and its conversion to an exciton [4].
Acknowledgment
This work was performed in collaboration with T. Venanzi (Univ. Rome), A. Luferau, X. Sun, A. Pashkin, E. Dimakis, S. Winnerl (all HZDR), M. Obst, F. G. Kaps, S. C. Kehr, L. M. Eng, M. Cuccu, A. Chernikov (all TU Dresden). hBN samples were provided by T. Taniguchi and K. Watanabe (NIMS, Tsukuba, Japan).
References
[1] M. Helm et al., Eur. Phys. J. Plus 138, 158 (2023).
[2] L. Balaghi et al., Nature Comm. 10, 2793 (2019); L. Balaghi et al., Nature Comm. 12, 6642 (2021).
[3] A. Luferau et al., arXiv 2403.17195 (2024).
[4] T. Venanzi et al., under review (2024).