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Toward Terahertz pathology: Detection of cancer cells by a terahertz chemical microscope
Toshihiko Kiwa1, Ding Xue1, Mana Murakami1, Changjiang Liu1, Hirofumi Inoue2, Jing Wang1
1Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University
2Okayama University Hospital
Pathology generally refers to research of disease using biological study and medical practices. In modern medical diagnosis, pathology became a key tool for precise diagnosis of disease. Especially, for the diagnosis of cancers, pathologist in hospitals prepare a test specimen and visually observe the specimen by an optical microscope. So, accuracy of results sometimes depends on the skills of pathologists. Recently, “liquid biopsy” attracts many medical doctors. The liquid biopsy is a kind of analysis of tumor in specimen solution, so it doesn’t require sample preparations.
In our group, A terahertz chemical microscope has been developed to measure various chemical reactions in a small volume of liquid using an electric potential-terahertz transducer made from a semiconductor film on a sapphire substrate. The terahertz microscope can selectively detect various kinds of materials by forming specific chemical reaction systems on the transducer. In our group, we have demonstrated detection of e.g., sodium and potassium ions, and histamine using the terahertz chemical microscope [1-3]. We also found that a small amount of cancer cells in solutions could be detected by the terahertz chemical microscopy using a specific aptamer or antibodies [4, 5].
In this presentation, demonstration of cancer detections by the terahertz chemical microscopy as well as a concept of a terahertz pathology, will be presented.
References
[1] Jin Wang, Kosuke Sato, Yuichi Yoshida, Kenji Sakai, and Toshihiko Kiwa, A Versatile Terahertz Chemical Microscope and Its Application for the Detection of Histamine, Photonics, 9(1), 26, 2021.
[2] Toshihiko Kiwa, Junichi Kondo, Shohei Oka, Iwao Kawayama, Hironobu Yamada, Masayoshi Tonouchi, Keiji Tsukada, Chemical sensing plate with a laser-terahertz monitoring system, Applied optics 47 (18), 3324-3327, 2008.
[3] Toshihiko Kiwa, Akira Tenma, Shinji Takahashi, Kenji Sakai, Keiji Tsukada, Label free immune assay using terahertz chemical microscope, Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 187, 8-11, 2013.
[4] Eman M Hassan, Ahmed Mohamed, Maria C DeRosa, William G Willmore, Yuki Hanaoka, Toshihiko Kiwa, Tsuneyuki Ozaki, High-sensitivity detection of metastatic breast cancer cells via terahertz chemical microscopy using aptamers, Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 287, 595-601, 2019.
[5] Yuichi Yoshida, Xue Ding, Kohei Iwatsuki, Katsuya Taniizumi, Hirofumi Inoue, Jin Wang, Kenji Sakai, Toshihiko Kiwa, Detection of lung cancer cells in solutions using a terahertz chemical microscope, Sensors 21 (22), 7631, 2021.